Change an assumption. Watch the economics move. Then explain what changed. These are deliberately fictional, neutral cases designed to teach the machinery of financial analysis.
A fictional business earns ₹100 of annual earnings per share. Change the earnings growth and the multiple the market assigns. Your job is not to decide whether it is “good”; it is to see how expectations change the implied price.
Illustrative price = earnings × multiple.
Change the assumptions. Ask: “What would have to be true for this price to make sense?”A fictional business reports accounting profit, but working capital and capital expenditure absorb cash. Move the assumptions and observe why a growing profit number can coexist with weak free cash flow.
Illustrative free cash flow = operating profit − working-capital use − capital expenditure.
Ask: “Where did the accounting profit go?”A fictional business has operating earnings and debt. Increase debt and reduce earnings to see how quickly interest coverage can deteriorate.
Illustrative interest coverage = operating earnings ÷ interest expense.
Ask: “How much room is left if earnings fall?”For every model output, identify the assumption, verify the source, find the failure mode, and write what evidence would change your mind.